C Math
Here are some commenly used math functions
- Trigonometric Functions - sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), asin(x), acos(x), atan(x)
- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions - exp(x), log(x), log10(x)
- Power Functions - pow(x, y), sqrt(x)
- Rounding Functions - ceil(x), floor(x), round(x)
- Absolute Value - fabs(x)
- Random Number Generation - rand(), srand(seed)
Trigonometric Functions
Function
Description
Example
sin(x)
Sine function
sin(0.5) returns the sine of 0.5 radians
cos(x)
Cosine function
cos(0.5) returns the cosine of 0.5 radians
tan(x)
Tangent function
tan(0.5) returns the tangent of 0.5 radians
asin(x)
Arcsine function (inverse of sine)
asin(0.5) returns the arcsine of 0.5, in radians
acos(x)
Arccosine function (inverse of cosine)
acos(0.5) returns the arccosine of 0.5, in radians
atan(x)
Arctangent function (inverse of tangent)
atan(0.5) returns the arctangent of 0.5, in radians
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double x = 2.5;
double y = 3.0;
// Trigonometric functions
printf("sin(%f) = %f\n", x, sin(x));
printf("cos(%f) = %f\n", x, cos(x));
printf("tan(%f) = %f\n", x, tan(x));
printf("asin(%f) = %f\n", x, asin(x));
printf("acos(%f) = %f\n", x, acos(x));
printf("atan(%f) = %f\n", x, atan(x));
return 0;
}Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Function
Description
Example
exp(x)
Exponential function (e^x)
exp(2.0) returns the value of e^2
log(x)
Natural logarithm (base e)
log(10.0) returns the natural logarithm of 10
log10(x)
Base-10 logarithm
log10(100.0) returns the base-10 logarithm of 100
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double x = 2.5;
double y = 3.0;
// Exponential and logarithmic functions
printf("exp(%f) = %f\n", x, exp(x));
printf("log(%f) = %f\n", x, log(x));
printf("log10(%f) = %f\n", x, log10(x));
return 0;
}Power and Rounding Functions
Function
Description
Example
pow(x, y)
Power function (x^y)
pow(2.0, 3.0) returns 2^3
sqrt(x)
Square root
sqrt(25.0) returns the square root of 25
ceil(x)
Ceil (round up to the nearest integer)
ceil(2.3) returns 3
floor(x)
Floor (round down to the nearest integer)
floor(2.9) returns 2
round(x)
Round to the nearest integer
round(2.3) returns 2, round(2.7) returns 3
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double x = 2.5;
double y = 3.0;
// Power function
printf("pow(%f, %f) = %f\n", x, y, pow(x, y));
// Square root
printf("sqrt(%f) = %f\n", x, sqrt(x));
// Rounding functions
printf("ceil(%f) = %f\n", x, ceil(x));
printf("floor(%f) = %f\n", x, floor(x));
printf("round(%f) = %f\n", x, round(x));
}Absolute Value and Random Number Generation
Function
Description
Example
fabs(x)
Absolute value
fabs(-5.0) returns 5
rand()
Pseudo-random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX
rand() generates a random intege
srand(seed)
Seed for rand() function
srand(123) sets the seed for reproducibility
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double x = 2.5;
double y = 3.0;
// Absolute value
printf("fabs(%f) = %f\n", -x, fabs(-x));
// Random number generation
srand(123); // seed for reproducibility
printf("rand() = %d\n", rand());
}